Pharmacy topics and knowledge in key areas including clinical pharmacy, pharmaceutical technology, pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical microbiology, pharmaceutics, and pharmacognosy.
Fungal infections are caused by microorganisms that attack the epithelial tissue. They obtain their food from the environment, just like animals (heterotrophic). Some fungi can be beneficial, and help in biodegradation, others cause opportunistic infections when they find their way to the skin, lungs and nasal passages. The fungal kingdom includes yeasts, molds, rusts, and … Read more
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid also called co-amoxiclav or amox-clav, is an antimicrobial combination drug of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid used in emergency and primary care unit. The amoxicillin is a penicillin drug that has activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Clavulanic acid is a β-lactamase inhibitor. Important brand names of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid are Augmentin, Clavulin, Amoclan. Why … Read more
In the management of diabetes, insulin syringes are often used to deliver insulin injection to the subcutaneous tissue, or “sub-Q” injection, the layer of fat between the skin and the muscle. This is because insulin is easily broken down when given orally (pill) as it is a protein and can degrade in the stomach and … Read more
Pharmaceutical preservatives are chemical substances that tend to improve the shelf life of drugs either by inhibiting oxidation of the active ingredients and excipients thereby preventing microbial infection and other chemical contamination. Most drug formulations, food products, and cosmetic products are incorporated with preservatives to curb microbial growth. Preservatives are used to stabilize the products, … Read more
Anemia is a situation in which there is a reduction in the number of healthy red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin present in the body. Though anemia can affect anyone, but anemia in pregnancy is prominent because this is when the body needs more blood cells and hemoglobin. During pregnancy, your body stimulates … Read more
Aquagenic pruritus is a dermatological disorder that cause harsh pricking-like feeling/itch. The itching is triggered by the presence of water of any kind (including rainwater, seawater, bath/tap water, and even swimming pool water) on the skin. The water could be hot, cold, or tepid. Aquagenic pruritus is a variant of inducible pruritus. Aquagenic pruritus can … Read more
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is a medication regimen for people who risk getting HIV infection either through sex or by injection drug use (needle, syringe sharing). Both PrEP and PEP are part of a larger HIV prevention strategies such as condom use, prompt treatment of infected persons. If taken properly, this regimen will help to prevent … Read more
Preventive measures against HIV infection after exposure involve two medication regimens – PrEP and PEP. As we explained earlier, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) is an emergency medication regimen for HIV negative patient who is recently exposed to HIV, especially in the last 72 hours (3 days), to prevent the infection with the virus. HIV exposure can … Read more
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) in HIV is the usage of ARV drugs by HIV-negative people after exposure to a known or supposed (high-risk) source of HIV infection. It involves taking anti-HIV medications as soon as possible after you may have been exposed to HIV to try to decrease the chance of becoming HIV positive. These prescriptions … Read more
There are many differences between plant and animal cells, as well as similarities. These differences and similarities can be either in their shapes, sizes, modes of nutrition or the presence/sizes of organelles. This article discusses the differences between plant and animal cells, as well as their similarities. Similarities between Plant and Animal Cells Seventeen (17) … Read more