Clinical pharmacy involves the provision of patient care, and promote safe, appropriate, and cost-effective drug therapy to patients by the pharmacist.
There are different poison and antidotes, but the most important aspect in treating poisoning is the identification of the ingested poisonous or corrosive substance. What is a poison? A poison is any substance when administered by ways such as mouth, injection, inhalation, skin or mucous membrane, causes ill health, disease, or death. Acute poisoning can … Read more
Genotype and phenotype are two terms used when explaining and differentiating the genetic makeup of an individual as well as the expression of traits. The genes and other factors (epigenetic and environmental factors) determine the expression of traits. Genotype is our genetic makeup, while phenotype are the observable characteristics. The main difference between genotype and … Read more
A carrier couple is a husband and wife with the sickle cell traits (Hemoglobin S) in their genotype, e.g., AS, and SS individuals. AS individuals, are advised not to marry each other, as there are possibilities of giving birth to a sickle cell patient. There are strongly advised to marry AA individuals, because AA has … Read more
Knowing your genotype is an important thing to do before choosing a life partner. This is because marrying a person who has genotype incompatibility with you may result in giving birth to offspring with certain diseases, such as sickle cell disorders. Therefor, the knowledge of genotype, blood types, and the blood group is a necessary … Read more
Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of antigens. Antigens can trigger immune system response during blood transfusion if blood typing and cross-matching is not properly done. This reaction can cause clumping of blood cells and can be fatal. Blood transfusion is needed during surgery, trauma, cancer therapy, anemia, and difficult child delivery. … Read more
Blood grouping or blood typing is the grouping of blood based on the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of the red blood cells. These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids. International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) recognizes 43 blood group system, with over 349 antigens. 48 genes genetically determine these … Read more
There are different healthcare plans available to US citizens and residents. The two main healthcare plans are medicare and medicaid. Apart from the two plans, we also have other health care plans such as TRICARE, COBRA, Liability insurance coverage, Workers’ compensation, and Private insurance coverage (such as group health plan or retiree coverage). But our … Read more
Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin, alongside other vitamins such as A, E, and K. It is absorbed in the small intestines. Since it is fat soluble, it is easily absorbed when taken with food that contains fat. The form synthesized in the body is ‘cholecalciferol’ (vitamin D3). Cholecalciferol is synthesized in the skin … Read more
Vitamin A is an organic compound. It is a fat-soluble vitamin, alongside vitamin D, E, K and have animal or plant source. All vitamin A compounds share the same structure (unsaturated isoprenoid chain structure) and function in the body, and are largely classified as retinoids. This vitamin easily accumulates in the body, especially in the … Read more
This is a question asked by people who are taking antimalarial drug if it is advisable to take antimalarial drug and folic acid tablet/iron tablet or supplement at the same time. But before we answer that, we will explain how folic acid tablet works. Folic acid, or folate, Vitamin B9, is a water-soluble vitamin that … Read more